Microscope Timeline

Microscope Timeline

1590: Hans and Zacharias Janssen create the first microscope

1667: Robert Hooke which outlines Hooke's various studies using the microscope.

1675: Anton van Leeuwenhoek, who used a microscope with one lens to observe insects and other specimen. Leeuwenhoek was the first to observe bacteria.

1830: Joseph Jackson Lister discovers that using weak lenses together at various distances provided clear magnification.

1878: A mathematical theory linking resolution to light wavelength is invented by Ernst Abbe.

1903: Richard Zsigmondy invents the ultramicroscope, which allows for observation of specimens below the wavelength of light.

1932: Transparent biological materials are studied for the first time using Frits Xernike's invention of the phase-contrast microscope.

1938: Ernst Ruska developed the electron microscope, who realized that using electrons in microscopy enhanced resolution.

1981: 3-D specimen images possible with the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer.

Telescope Timeline

1608: Galileo experiments

The first telescope was unveiled in the Netherlands in 1608, made by Jacob Metius and Hans Lippershey. It was made famous, however, by Italian mathematician Galileo, who constructed his own, improved device and was the first to use it to explore space. With his telescope he discovered four satellites of Jupiter, and resolved nebular patches into stars.

1672: Newton reflects

Isaac Newton designed a telescope which used mirrors, known as a reflector telescope. This improved telescope to the Royal Society, causing much excitement.

1845: A noble sight was presented

The Irish nobleman the 3rd Earl of Rosse built an enormous telescope with a mirror 6ft in diameter. The telescope was placed in a pit near his home, Birr Castle, and consisted of a giant tube, at the bottom of which was a large metal mirror. Despite its restricted range, some remarkable discoveries were made using the telescope, such as the first spiral nebulae.

1970: The dawn of Hubble

In the 1970s work began on a telescope that was to become the Hubble Space telescope, named after American astrologist Edwin Hubble. On 25 April 1990 it was deployed to its position beyond the earth's atmosphere where it now orbits the planet. From this position it is able to give a view of the universe free from distortion.

1996-2011: Space gets closer

In 1996 plans began for the next generation space telescope named after former Nasa administrator, James Webb, it's a large infrared-optimised space telescope, set to be launched in 2018, which will reside in an orbit around 1 million miles away from earth.

Periscope Timeline

1845: Sarah Mather patented a device that allows us to observe the depths of the oceans to sailing ships. This first device further determined positions and distances from positions 'blind'.

1854: the French Mariee Davey using this instrument in the naval area.

1872: the design was modified to replace Davey mirrors prisms, extending its reach, after there have been many improvements and versions.

Binoculars Timeline

Binoculars or binoculars, like spyglass or telescope is an optical instrument used to magnify the image of distant objects, but unlike them, the image is viewed in three dimensions and thus allow better appreciate the distance between distant objects and the observer.

1609: The antecedes binoculars are Galileo's telescope, an instrument which could be increased up to 30 times.

1730: The first binoculars were monocular and used as a telescope.

1815-1823: Two optical working independently to develop the binoculars: Johann Friedrich Voigtlander in Vienna and JT Hudson in England. They made an instrument consisting of two glasses which were connected by a bridge, and could be adjusted independently or together.

1823: using binoculars became popular in Paris, the headquarters of fashion at that time. Binoculars reflected the taste and prestige of their owners, with gold and precious handles matching bags or stones.

1893: The back gray Bausch & Lomb production begins Binoculars & Telescopes Carl Zeiss authorized under US licenses.

1896-1908: B & L extends its company opens offices in Chicago and Boston, San Francisco and New York.

1902: The United States Department of the Navy conducted a test officially binoculars binoculars in order to choose the most effective and practical for use instrument. The binoculars Warner & Swasey Company turned out to be the chosen ones. From there the United States commissioned large orders to the W & S Company to provide with NSTRUMENTS of these characteristics, their battleships and cruisers boats. The Universal Prismatic Binocular W & S was aluminum and could be dismantled and put together again without adjustments.

1939-1945: During World War Second many adjustments to the binoculars were made to make it a more useful tool in the battlefield

1980: a new virtue binoculars, binoculars Porro and Roof system are those used at present is incorporated; this quality was to be incorporated into the lens of technological instrument ray laser protection filters, mainly for military use binoculars.